Сэрчмаа
1. A+ Certification A certification program from the CompTIA (Computer Technology
Industry Association) designed to measure competence in basic computer repair
and aimed at the computer technician. Certification requires passing two tests:
a core exam to test general knowledge of PCs, including configuration,
installation and upgrading, diagnosis, repair, maintenance, customer
interaction, and safety, and at least one specialty exam that tests operating
system knowledge.
2.
A+B signaling A type of in-band signaling used
in T1 transmission; 1 bit from each of the 24 subchannels in every sixth frame
is used to carry dialing and other control information. A+B signaling reduces
the T1 bandwidth from 1.544Mbps to 1.536 Mbps.
3.
a-b box A switching box that allows two or more
computers to share a peripheral device such as a printer. It can be switched
manually or through software.
4.
A/UX A version of the Unix operating system
that runs on the Macintosh. A/UX is based on the System V release 2 of Unix and
includes a number of Apple features, such as support for the Macintosh Toolbox.
This support allows applications running under A/UX to use the familiar
Macintosh user interface. You need a Macintosh II with a Motorola 68020 or
higher microprocessor and at least 4MB of memory to use A/UX. See also Unix.
5.
AAL See ATM Adaptation Layer.
Гантөмөр
6.
AASE See Associate Accredited Systems
Engineer.
7.
ABCP See Associate Business Continuity
Professional.
8.
abend Contraction of abnormal end. A
message issued by an operating system when it detects a serious problem, such
as a hardware failure or major software damage.
9.
ABI See Application Binary Interface.
10.
ABR See Available Bit Rate.
11.
ABUI See Association of Banyan Users
International.
12.
accelerator board An add-in, printed circuit board
that replaces the main processor with a higher-performance processor. Using an
accelerator board can reduce upgrading costs substantially, because you don’t
need to replace the monitor, case, keyboard, and so on. However, the main
processor is not the only component that affects the overall performance of
your system. Other factors, such as disk-access time and video speed,
contribute to a system’s performance. See also graphics accelerator
board.
Ганбаатар
13.
access To use, write to, or read from a file,
or to log in to a computer system or network.
14.
AccessBuilder Remote access software from 3Com
Corporation that lets you access network resources over a dial-up connection
from a remote location.
15.
access control entry Abbreviated ACE.
The basic unit of security in Microsoft Windows 2000 that controls access to
the file system, to Active Directory objects, to printers and other network
resources, and to the Registry. An ACE consists of a security identifier (SID)
and an access mask that defines the access rights of that SID. A collection of
ACEs that control access to an object is known as an access control list. See
also access control list; security identifier.
16.
access control list Abbreviated ACL.
A list or table containing information about the users, processes, and objects
that can access a specific file or object. ACLs are usually attached to
file-system directories, and they specify access permissions such as read,
write, execute, delete, and so on. ACLs are implemented in Novell NetWare,
Microsoft Windows 2000, and Unix: In Novell Directory Services, ACLs are
associated with every object in the NDS tree, storing the list of rights for
each trustee that can access the object. _ In the Unix Network File System,
ACLs include the name of the user or group, along with the rights granted to
that user or group. _ In Windows 2000, everything is an object, and every
object has an associated ACL.See also Active Directory; authentication;
NDS tree; Novell Directory Services; rights;
security.
17.
access method The set of rules that determines
which node in a network has access to the transmission media at any moment.
Attempts at simultaneous access are either managed by a collision detection
mechanism such as CSMA/CD or prevented by use of a token-passing method.
Сайнбилэг
18.
access protocol The set of rules that
workstations use to avoid collisions when sending information over shared
network media. Also known as the media access control protocol.
19.
access rights See rights.
20.
access server A computer that provides access
for remote users who dial in to the system and access network resources as though
their computers were directly attached to the network. See also communications/modem
server; mobile computing.
21.
access time The period of time that elapses between
a request for information from disk or memory and the arrival of that information
at the requesting device. Memory-access time refers to the time it takes to
transfer a character between memory and the processor. Disk-access time refers
to the time it takes to place the read/ write heads over the requested data.
RAM may have an access time of 80 nanoseconds or less, while hard-disk access
time could be 10 milliseconds or less.
22.
access token In Microsoft Windows 2000, an object
that contains the security identifier (SID) of a running process. When a
process is started by another process, the second process inherits the
starting process’s access token. This
access token is then checked against each object’s access control list to
confirm that the appropriate permissions are in place to permit any services
requested by the process. See also access control list; permissions;
process; rights.
Болдсүх
23.
account On LANs or multiuser operating systems,
an account is set up for each user. Accounts are usually kept for
administrative or security reasons. For communications
and
online services, accounts identify a subscriber for billing purposes. See also
user account.
24.
accounting The process of tracking the resources on a network. The network
administrator can charge for files accessed, connect time, disk space used for
file storage, and service requests by assigning account balances to users. The
users can then draw from their account balances as they use network services.
25.
account lockout In Microsoft Windows 2000 and
other operating systems, a count of the number of invalid logon attempts
allowed before a user is locked out. See also authentication; user
account.
26.
account policy On networks and multiuser
operating systems, the set of rules that defines whether a new user is
permitted access to the system and whether an existing user is granted
additional rights or expanded access to other system resources. Account policy
also specifies the minimum length of passwords, the frequency with which
passwords must be changed, and whether
users can recycle old passwords and use them again.
27.
Accredited Systems Engineer Abbreviated ASE.
A certification from Compaq designed to evaluate and recognize expertise in
installing and administering Compaq workstations and servers running both
Microsoft Windows 2000 and Novell Net-
Ware network operating systems. See also Associate Accredited Systems
Engineer.
Дауит
28.
ACE See access control entry.
29.
Acer Group One of the top five PC makers in the world, with factories in Malaysia, the
Netherlands, the Philippines, Taiwan, and the United States. The Acer Group
bought Texas Instrument’s notebook computer business in 1997 and has formed
business alliances with companies, including 3Com and Hitachi, for the
development of advanced digital consumer
products such as PC-ready televisions and DVD systems. For more information on
the Acer Group, see www.acer.com.tw.
30.
ACF See Advanced Communications Function.
31.
ACK See acknowledgment.
32.
acknowledgment Abbreviated ACK. In communications,
ACK is a control code, ASCII
06, sent by the receiving computer to indicate that
the data has been received without error and that the next
part of the transmission
may be sent. See also NAK.
Нурболат
33.
ACL See access control list.
34.
ACONSOLE A Novell NetWare 3.x workstation
utility that controls a modem attached to the workstation.
ACONSOLE is used to
establish an asynchronous remote console
connection to a server. The RS232 NetWare Loadable Module (NLM) must be loaded
on the server to which you want to connect. In NetWare 4.x, use
RCONSOLE to
perform this function.
35.
acoustic coupler A modem that includes a
pair of rubber cups that fit over the mouthpiece and
earpiece of a standard telephone handset (to
prevent external noise from
being picked up). An acoustic coupler allows you to
connect your computer to a telephone system that does not
have the standard
RJ-11 connections used with conventional modems.
36.
ACPI See Advanced Configuration and Power Interface.
37.
ACR See Available Cell Rate.
Уянга
38.
across-the-wire migration A method of
migrating file-server data, trustee rights, and other
information to a Novell Net-Ware server using the NetWare Migration utility.
You can also use across-the-wire migration to
upgrade from LAN Manager, LAN
Server, and earlier versions of Net-Ware; a similar process known as BMIGRATE allows
users to migrate from Banyan
VINES.
39.
ACS See Advanced Communications Service.
40.
ACTE See Ascend Certified Technical Expert.
41.
Active Desktop In Microsoft Windows, a
user interface feature that makes the Desktop look and behave
just like a Web page, with
underlined icons and a hand mouse pointer. Active
Desktop is offered as an alternative to the classic
Windows user interface; you
can use Active Desktop, you can use the classic Windows
interface, or you can
swap back and forth between the two.
42. Active Directory
In
Microsoft Windows 2000,
a system for large-scale network management that
views the network as a hierarchy of objects.
Active Directory does the
following: _
Provides a hierarchy for the management of all network
objects, including users, servers, services, file shares, Web
pages, printers,
and so on. _
Divides administration and security into sub domains,
domains, and trees of domains. _
Scales to 10 million users per domain. _ Implements
MIT’s Kerberos authentication system based on private key
encryption and also
supports public key encryption for authentication
of clients and business partners.
